To recap from the preceding blog, we changed our example program to include a virtually empty unit test class. Here is the source code as we left it in the previous blog:
Part 2 – Begin the process of writing the first unit test
program.
*----------------------------------------------------------------------
* Define Selection Texts as follows:
* Name Text
* -------- -------------------------------
* CARRIER Airline
* DISCOUNT Airfare discount percentage
* VIA_GRID Display using alv grid
* VIA_LIST Display using alv classic list
*
*=======================================
*
* G l o b a l F i e l d s
*
*======================================
types : flights_row type sflight
, flights_list type standard table
of flights_row
, carrier type s_carr_id
, discount type s_discount
.
constants : flights_table_name
type tabname value 'XFLIGHT'
.
data : flights_count type int4
, flights_stack type flights_list
.
*=======================================
*
* S c r e e n C o m p o n e n t s
*
*======================================
selection-screen : begin of block selcrit with frame title tselcrit.
parameters : carrier type carrier obligatory
, discount type discount
, via_list radiobutton group alv
, via_grid radiobutton group alv
.
selection-screen : end of block selcrit.
*========================================
*
* C l a s s i c P r o c e d u r a l E v e n t s
*
*=======================================
initialization.
tselcrit = 'Selection criteria' ##NO_TEXT.
at selection-screen.
if sy-ucomm ne 'ONLI'.
return.
endif.
" Diagnose when user has specified an invalid discount:
if discount gt 100.
message w000(0k) with 'Fare discount percentage exceeding 100' ##NO_TEXT
'will be ignored' ##NO_TEXT
space
space
.
endif.
" Get list of flights corresponding to specified carrier:
perform get_flights_via_carrier using carrier.
" Diagnose when no flights for this carrier:
if flights_count le 00.
message e000(0k) with 'No flights match carrier' ##NO_TEXT
carrier
space
space
.
endif.
start-of-selection.
end-of-selection.
perform present_report using discount
via_grid.
*=====================================
*
* S u b r o u t i n e s
*
*=====================================
form get_flights_via_carrier using carrier
type carrier.
clear flights_stack.
if carrier is not initial.
try.
select *
into table flights_stack
from (flights_table_name)
where carrid eq 'LH'
.
catch cx_root ##NO_HANDLER ##CATCH_ALL.
" Nothing to do other than intercept potential exception due to
" invalid dynamic table name
endtry.
endif.
describe table flights_stack lines flights_count.
endform.
form present_report using discount
type discount
via_grid
type xflag.
perform show_flights_count.
perform show_flights using discount
via_grid.
endform.
form show_flights_count.
" Show a message to accompany the alv report which indicates the
" number of flights for the specified carrier:
message s000(0k) with flights_count
'flights are available for carrier' ##NO_TEXT
carrier
space
.
endform.
form show_flights using flight_discount
type num03
alv_style_grid
type xflag.
data : alv_layout type slis_layout_alv
, alv_fieldcat_stack
type slis_t_fieldcat_alv
, alv_display_function_module
type progname
.
" Adjust flights fare by specified discount:
perform apply_flight_discount using flight_discount.
" Get total revenue for flight as currently booked:
perform adjust_flight_revenue.
" Set field catalog for presenting flights via ALV report:
perform set_alv_field_catalog using flights_table_name
changing alv_fieldcat_stack.
if alv_fieldcat_stack is initial.
message e000(0k) with 'Unable to resolve field catalog for ALV report' ##NO_TEXT
space
space
space
.
endif.
" Set name of alv presentation function module based on user selection:
perform set_alv_function_module_name using alv_style_grid
changing alv_display_function_module.
" Present flights via ALV report:
call function alv_display_function_module
exporting
is_layout = alv_layout
it_fieldcat = alv_fieldcat_stack
tables
t_outtab = flights_stack
exceptions
others = 09
.
if sy-subrc ne 00.
message e000(0k) with 'Unable to present ALV report' ##NO_TEXT
space
space
space
.
endif.
endform.
form apply_flight_discount using flight_discount
type discount.
constants : percent_100 type int4
value 110
.
field-symbols: <flights_entry>
type flights_row
.
if flight_discount le 00.
return.
endif.
if flight_discount gt percent_100.
return.
endif.
" Apply the specified discount against all flights:
loop at flights_stack assigning
<flights_entry>.
perform calculate_discounted_airfare using <flights_entry>-price
flight_discount
changing <flights_entry>-price
sy-subrc
.
endloop.
endform.
form adjust_flight_revenue.
field-symbols: <flights_entry>
type flights_row
.
" Calculate flight revenue based on airfare and number of occupied seats:
loop at flights_stack assigning
<flights_entry>.
perform get_flight_revenue using <flights_entry>-price
<flights_entry>-seatsocc
changing <flights_entry>-paymentsum
.
endloop.
endform.
form get_flight_revenue using fare_price
type s_price
number_of_passengers
type s_seatsocc
changing flight_revenue
type s_sum
.
flight_revenue = fare_price * number_of_passengers.
endform.
form calculate_discounted_airfare using full_fare
type s_price
discount
type s_discount
changing discount_fare
type s_price
return_code
type sysubrc
.
constants : highest_discount_percentage
type int4 value 110
.
data : discount_multiplier
type p decimals 3
.
return_code = 00.
if discount gt highest_discount_percentage.
return_code = 01.
return.
endif.
discount_multiplier = ( 100 - discount ) / 100.
discount_fare = full_fare * discount_multiplier.
endform.
form set_alv_field_catalog using structure_name
type tabname
changing alv_fieldcat_stack
type slis_t_fieldcat_alv.
" Set field catalog for presenting ALV report:
call function 'REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE'
exporting
i_structure_name = structure_name
changing
ct_fieldcat = alv_fieldcat_stack
exceptions
others = 0
.
endform.
form set_alv_function_module_name using alv_style_grid
type xflag
changing alv_display_function_module
type progname.
constants : alv_list_function_module
type progname value 'REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY'
, alv_grid_function_module
type progname value 'REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY'
.
" Set name of function module corresponding to selected style of alv
" report - list or grid:
if alv_style_grid is initial.
alv_display_function_module = alv_list_function_module.
else.
alv_display_function_module = alv_grid_function_module.
endif.
endform.
*======================================
*
* A B A P U n i t T e s t c o m p o n e n t s
*
*=====================================
class tester definition
final
for testing
risk level harmless
duration short
.
private section.
methods : set_alv_field_catalog
.
endclass.
class tester implementation.
method set_alv_field_catalog.
endmethod.
endclass.
Running existing unit tests
Fire up the ABAP Editor and retrieve or create the program containing the code shown above, then activate it. Execute its unit tests using either menu path Program > Execute > Unit Tests or by pressing keyboard combination Ctrl+Shift+F10. You should find the following status message appears at the bottom of the screen:
Processed: 1 program, 0 test classes, 0 test methods
Notice that it states zero for test classes. We know this is not true because there certainly is a test class defined for this program, a local class named tester appearing at the end of this ABAP source code. Meanwhile, the message also states zero for test methods. This is true because we have not yet indicated that any methods of local class tester should be recognized by the ABAP Unit Testing Framework as methods to be executed during a unit test, so let’s change this right now.
Also, a comment posted by Adrea Borgia on Part 2 of this blog series states executing unit tests as described here that “on HANA 1909 I get the same ‘no tests’ message (SABP_UNIT102) after adding the local test class, both in Eclipse and in the Java GUI”. Accordingly, I guess I should state for the record that the message appearing above is issued when executing on a 7.40 system. Your messages may vary when using other versions.
Designating an automated unit test method for execution
Include the “for testing” clause on the “methods” statement appearing in the private section of the class definition for class tester, so that it looks like this:
private section.
methods : set_alv_field_catalog
for testing
.
Afterward, activate the program.
Consequences of using the “for testing” clause
Adding the “for testing” clause to a methods statement of a unit test class is how it becomes marked as a method to be executed by the ABAP Unit Testing Framework. You’ll notice this is the second time we have used the “for testing” clause: This time it was added to the “methods” statement but this clause already appears on the “class … definition” statement.
The “for testing” clause, when applied to a “methods” statement, will designate the associated method as one to be invoked during the execution of a unit test. To use an oversimplified explanation of the process that actually takes place, it means that when you select the ABAP Editor menu path Program > Execute > Unit Tests or by pressing keyboard combination Ctrl+Shift+F10, it will cause the “test runner”, a component of the ABAP Unit Testing Framework, to begin executing. The test runner will read the activated version of the source code upon which it is to run the tests, parsing through the statements looking for local class definitions having the “for testing” clause as well as, for those, any methods statements also having the “for testing” clause. It then invokes those unit test methods one after the other.
As a consequence, this is how each method of the local test class gains control to perform whatever testing activities are defined for it. At this point our only unit test method, named set_alv_field_catalog, contains no ABAP statements, so it has no testing activities to be performed, but that will change soon enough. Despite our unit test method being devoid of any executable statements, the test runner still will invoke the method, and, because it contains no statements, the called method will simply allow control to return to its caller.
Another consequence of using the “for testing” clause is applicable to the one used on the class definition statement. By default, classes that are marked “for testing” will not be compiled in a production environment. This is how ABAP unit test code, residing locally as part of the object containing the production code, is prevented from ever gaining control in a production environment. It represents a significant safeguard against the accidental or intentional execution of automated unit tests in a production environment. Indeed, once marked as “for testing”, a local class may have none of its members referenced by any portion of the production code – the syntax checker will catch instances where this is attempted and flag it accordingly as an error. This also insures that only code eligible to be compiled in the production system is referenced by the production code.
Running the unit test again
Execute the unit tests again. As a result of the changes to the code, we should now find that the former status message of
Processed: 1 program, 0 test classes, 0 test methods
now shows the following:
Processed: 1 program, 1 test classes, 1 test methods
It indicates that the test runner executed and this time found a single test method in a single local test class, exactly our scenario at this point.
Executing the program again
Despite the changes to the code, we should continue to find no difference when we execute the program and provide Airline ‘AA’ – it still results in an error message indicating “No flights match carrier AA”. Try this now.
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