1. Introduction of ABAP Cloud
SAP Cloud Platform ABAP Environment, is a platform as a service offering that allow developers to create modern applications (API based, Cloud deployment, CI/CD enabled) with documented enterprise level technology. It helps us bring the enterprise quality to API based modern application with very low effort.
ABAP Cloud can help developers focus more on business logic instead of technical detail by creating technical standard independent objects and generate technical artifacts for you, as ABAP always did.
ABAP Cloud is running only by SAP, an instance can be created in a couple of hours instead of days, SAP takes care of all the patching, maintenance and supporting.
2. Major components in ABAP Cloud
ABAP Cloud logically runs within the SAP Cloud Platform, Cloud Foundry environment, due to it shows as a service instance within a space in a cloud foundry sub account. But in lots of SAP’s document, SAP uses ABAP Environment in parallel with Cloud Foundry environment. So ABAP Cloud is a bit different than other PaaS or SaaS on CF, it is much bigger and much more complex. ABAP Cloud itself is a platform and will include many different services. I think that is why SAP see ABAP Cloud is at the same level as Cloud Foundry environment, even logically it looks like a part within CF.
At the backend, as a user, we don’t know it is running on a physical server, or AWS EC2 instance, or a docker image, that is what SAP will take care.In the most public material on community, the major focus is on
(1) What feature in ABAP will not be supported in the ABAP Cloud
(2) RAP.
But here I will majorly talk about what ABAP Cloud includes. I categorized all functions in the ABAP Cloud into 7 categories. As the list below
◉ Identity and Access Management ( IAM )
◉ ABAP Restful Application Programming Model ( RAP )
◉ ABAP Based Service*
◉ SCP ABAP SDK*
◉ ABAP Core*
◉ DevOps*
◉ Connectivity*
*All categories with * are not SAP’s official names
3. Identity and Access Management
IAM include everything about authentication and authorization. From creating user, creating authorization and the end to end process of giving user access and of course restricting user access.
It derives the classical ABAP authorization concept, but made it more API facing. Authorization will not assign to a user directly. As a developer, you need to create an ‘App’ at the backend, which consists of APIs and Authorization objects the ‘App’ need. Then assign access to this App to the user through Catalog and Roles.
The new approach better fits modern concept and more secure, it makes sure each API access is authenticated and authorized. It also has a better separation of duty between developers and administrators. Developers can fully decide what an ‘App’ can do and administrators only decides which ‘App’ can be accessed by which users.
4. ABAP Restful Application Programming Model (RAP)
There is already a lot of blog posts and learning materials regard to RAP, the new programming model. As we know RAP can help you create a business object and generate OData API within minutes. But from my perspective the best part of RAP is the flexibility. In real scenario, there are many cases that managed mode not working, RAP provide unlimited possibility that you can use the most of RAP’s convenient with your legacy code , or legacy service.
For example, you can create an OData service using CDS, but you can also easily create one using unmanaged query if it is not possible with CDS, and when CDS works for 80% fields, you can create virtual elements, which can leverage CDS’s convenient and customizable as well.
When you are saving data, you can mix the managed mode, and abap code together, or only using abap code , or not using RAP at all ( only read using RAP ).
There is also option that you can combine RAP based logic and other OData entities from other systems together without a lot of code. And you can also create generic restful service when OData service is not the best choice.
Overall RAP is a broad topic, it may have broader scope in the future. I will category all routes which will generate a RESTFul API into RAP. I believe that is better fit the name.
5. ABAP Based Services
There are a lot good ABAP function modules in old ABAP world, lots of them, was not created for customer, they were just something SAP build internally for better building their solution. But used a lot by smart developers. A lot of those function are good but didn’t have a perfect API design, I guess SAP haven’t thought those services will be sold as a product back to when they design them. As a fact, a lot of custom ABAP application today are rely on those unofficial services.
In ABAP Cloud, SAP starting create many of those powerful ABAP services as a standard service in ABAP Cloud gradually, with a resigned API and modern concept. Some of those are not very technical but should be considered as a foundation of any enterprise application. And I also think this is a big advantage of ABAP.
Currently ABAP Based services available in ABAP Cloud are
◉ Number range service
◉ Application Job service ( successor of SM36/37)
◉ Application Log service ( successor of SLG1?)
◉ Current/Unit conversion service
◉ Factory Calendar
◉ Change Document
6. SAP Cloud Platform ABAP SDK
Since ABAP Cloud is connect to SAP Cloud Platform closely. There is ( and probably will be alot ) services that help ABAP developers consume SAP’s cloud services easier than using other technologies.
Currently, there is only one component, which is a set of ABAP class , helping developers consume APIs from SAP Cloud Platform Business Rules.
But I still believe it deserve a category, because I see values and more opportunities for ABAP cloud integrating with other services on SAP Cloud Platform.
7. ABAP Core
ABAP Core is the core of ABAP, DDIC, ABAP Language, ABAP OO, CDS, and so on. It is a more restricted ABAP, but most statements SAP deleted are announced as obsolete many years ago. So, syntax vise, there shouldn’t have any issue if you always not use obsoleted syntax in ABAP. But you need to aware that most of SAP’s standard table, function module and class, especially those from a specific module ( like MM, FI ) will disappear on ABAP Cloud.
Beyond that, there are new opportunities as well
1. New syntax, There is a lot of cool stuffs in ABAP happening. Like you can join internal tables using OPEN SQL now. Because ABAP Cloud will always use newest version, it is a good time to open ABAP Docu and check how much new and cool stuffs you missed while keeping working on the older release
2. A new set of ABAP Classes , with good naming convention, most of them start from cl_abap, or cl_system help you talk with the system and provide you fundamental functions.
3. A new set of APIS called XCO api, is a fast growing library providing you fully access to the system, or providing much more powerful function. Like dynamically generate ABAP repository objects, access ABAP service, JSON conversion. Although there is not alot API yet, SAP has really big ambition of XCO API, they have a good API design to make sure this approach can be easily scale up and giving developers a unified experience when using the library.
8. DevOps
DevOps including Ci/CD, system monitoring and documenting.
ABAP Cloud using gCTS as the CI/CD solution, now developers can working on different projects in one system in parallel without affecting each other and push/pull the whole component by one click, or by API. The new CI/CD solution is much easier than before but with some limitations.
Fiori based report is provided to help administrators analysis the system statics without a professional basis training.
The new document system ( Knowledge Transfer Document ) help developers create documents within ABAP repository and link your document to repository objects with MarkDown.
9. Connectivity
ABAP Cloud support both inbound and outbound connection via HTTP or RFC, to cloud or on premise. Connectivity is all about setting up connection, SSO and setup authorization for each connection. It uses destination service in SAP Cloud Platform.
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